Forestry Story Archives - West Virginia Public Broadcasting

W.Va. Foresters Urge Lawmakers Not To Eliminate Regulatory Board

The Joint Standing Committee on Government Organization met during an interim session of the West Virginia Legislature Tuesday afternoon.

As the West Virginia Legislature conducts performance reviews of some state agencies, forestry officials are discouraging legislators from sunsetting a statewide organization.

Earlier this year, West Virginia lawmakers considered eliminating some regulatory bodies, including the West Virginia Board of Registration for Foresters. No such bill passed, but the Joint Standing Committee on Government Organization indicated it might conduct performance reviews on the groups in the near future.

Lawmakers did just that during an interim committee meeting Sunday afternoon, where they discussed the board’s current operations. The board is responsible for certifying and registering all foresters in West Virginia — professionals trained to grow, manage and conserve forests.

Established by the Legislature in 1963, the board consists of five licensed professional foresters with at least one decade of experience, according to the organization’s website. There are approximately 305 certified foresters currently employed in West Virginia, counsel to the committee said.

According to the committee’s counsel, the board is self-sustaining financially and does not have a “scope of practice” beyond protecting and certifying the title of “forester” in West Virginia.

During the interim meeting, representatives from the board testified to committee members and asserted that the board plays an important role in protecting the title of forester.

According to Robert Boyles, executive director of the West Virginia Forestry Association, individuals from all different backgrounds can represent themselves as foresters in states that lack a formal certification, even if they lack the requisite ecological or economic training.

In Ohio, for example, “anybody can call themselves a forester,” he said. “There’s loggers… they don’t need to have the necessary background… when it comes to managing a forest.”

Boyles said improper forestry can deplete wood resources and harm property owners unable to find an accredited professional to consult for help. In the long term, he said this could result in unchecked deforestation and fewer people on hand to address the problem.

“It’s like the minimum,” agreed Dave McGill, the board’s secretary-treasurer.

McGill said alternatives to a state-run forestry accreditation, like a national accreditation system, would produce challenges.

Residents must pay $100 to complete a forestry exam in West Virginia, $50 to apply for certification, and $35 annually to renew their certification.

Similar national organizations like the Society of American Foresters charge $385 per year for credentialization, McGill said.

Del. Rick Hillenbrand, R-Hampshire, asked whether this meant removing a state certification process would shift a greater burden onto foresters themselves. The board representatives said it would.

Removing the board would mark an “extremely significant change” in the dues structure, Boyles said.

During the meeting, the committee did not consider taking action toward the board. But with another year’s legislative session approaching, state lawmakers could reintroduce bills to eliminate regulatory groups like the board as early as February 2025.

Jones Appointed State Forester And Director

Jeremy Jones has been named state forester and director of the West Virginia Division of Forestry.

Gov. Jim Justice announced Monday that he had appointed Jones to the position. He will assume his duties immediately.

“I just wish him the very, very, very best, and I know he’ll do a terrific job,” Justice said during a weekly press briefing. “And Jeremy, just take over and do your thing. You know, you’ve already done all kinds of greatness in West Virginia, just keep on doing it.”

West Virginia’s Division of Forestry Director Tom Cover retired this year and is being replaced by Jones, a West Virginia native and graduate of West Virginia University.

Jones also has more than 20 years of experience with the West Virginia Division of Forestry, most recently serving as assistant state forester/fire for the division.

“I am honored to continue to serve the West Virginia Division of Forestry through this new role and thank Gov. Justice for this opportunity,” Jones said. “I am excited to lead the agency into the future.”

H. Tony Evans has been the Acting Director since Cover’s retirement. He now becomes the Deputy State Forester.

Logging in W.Va.: Finding A Balance Between Preservation and Profits

Halfway between Mill Creek and Helvetia, West Virginia, four miles or so off the main road, Scotty Cook, the owner of a small-scale logging operation in Elkins, trudges along a muddy, deep gullied logging road.

Cook has been working in the industry for about 20 years and got started because of his family.

“My dad and them, they [were] in it all their lives,” he said. “Tradition I suppose.”

Logging in West Virginia

Most of the state’s trees are harvested by small-scale logging operations like Cook’s.

He is logging for Northwest Hardwoods, a company based in Washington state which has four sawmills in West Virginia – two of them in Randolph County. The land is owned by Coastal Timberlands, which owns property in 11 states.

He and his crew of about 7 are logging 100 acres of trees, working on the job for months at a time.

Cook watches as in the distance a chainsaw operator begins cutting an 80-foot tree. It falls to the ground and then he begins to explain what happens next in the logging process.

“He’s cutting all the limbs off of it, up to where he’ll cut the whole tree top out of it,” Cook said. “He’s getting it ready for a skidder to come back and hook to it, to take it to the landing to get cut up into log lengths to go to the mill.

A large bulldozer-like machine called a skidder – operated by Cook’s nephew – backs up toward the downed tree.

“He’ll turn around and back right up to it. He’ll hook up a chain-choker around to it, and pull it in with his wench,” he said.

A skidder drags a freshly harvested tree down the mountain side.

Cook helps his nephew hook up the huge log to the skidder. While the chainsaw operator continues to cut down trees and remove their branches, the skidder goes back and forth, up and down the mountain, hauling the long, uncut logs to the landing.

Cook said on this job, his crew has mostly been logging poplar, beech, birch and hard sugar maples, maybe a few oaks here and there, but very few.

He followed the skidder down the mountain, through the deep mud and back onto the logging road.

The Viability of the Industry

Cook said the industry– a muddy one– could pay a lot more, especially when you calculate the cost of taxes and fuel. He is no longer sure it’s a good industry for young people in West Virginia to get into.

“All your timber, it’s being cut out,” he said. “You take a lot of people – they’re doing all kind of clear cuts. I suppose they just want the money and need the money so they just cut it.”

Editor's Note: This story is part of an occasional series from independent producer Jean Snedegar about the timber and forest products industry here in the Mountain State — from seedlings to final products.

“I’ll never see a lot of places cut again,” he added. “We’re just select-cutting. We don’t clear cut.”

In a clear cut, most or all of the trees are cut down. In a select cut, foresters decide which trees to take and which to leave behind for a future harvest.

“In a couple years a man could come back and work again – take some more timber out,” Cook said. “If you take everything now, you ain’t gonna have nothin’.”

Marking the Trees

Cook points to blue spray paint on certain trees in the area where his crew is working.

“Them’s the only trees we’re allowed to cut,” he said.

Cook explained Coastal Timberlands has its own foresters who, once or twice a week, walk through the forest and mark the trees and their stumps that are allowed to be forested.

“And if they find stumps that don’t have any paint, they’ll stop you right there,” Cook said.

“At times there may be a big tree behind and a small one in front, and you may have to cut it out of the way for safety,” Cook said. “We always have to look at the safety first, because we don’t want anybody hurt or killed, [but] if you cut it out of the way, they say ‘just cut it and leave it on the ground.'”

A stationary log loader stacks cut trees according to lengths, to prepare them for loading on a logging truck.

The Landing

Down the mountain on a big level area called a log landing, Cook’s father, Gene Cook, operates a huge machine called a stationary log loader.

Gene Cook has been working in the logging industry for 60 years, back when horses were used instead of massive machines. Still, Gene said the machines make the work easier and at 85 allow him to continue working full time.

“I can do the same now as I could 20 years ago,” he said.

Gene measures and then cuts the logs into lengths suitable for the sawmill.

In the final operation, a man sitting on top of the logging truck — using a giant mechanical arm – picks up each log that Gene has put down and places it very neatly on the logging truck.

Once the truck is full, he will head down the mountain to the Northwest Hardwoods sawmill in Mill Creek.

W.Va. Timber: Yes, Money Can Grow on Trees

Editor’s Note: This story is part of an occasional series from independent producer Jean Snedegar about the timber and forest products industry here in the Mountain State – from seedlings to final products.

One of the oldest and largest industries in West Virginia is the timber and wood products industry. West Virginia is rich in this renewable natural resource, but the housing downturn that began 10 years ago hit the industry hard.

“We are the third most forested state in the United States. We have 7 million more forested acres in West Virginia than we did 100 years ago. There are more than 250,000 forest landowners in West Virginia,” said Frank Stewart, Executive Director of the West Virginia Forestry Association – a non-profit that represents those in the forestry and wood products industry.

“There are 30,000 jobs that we provide by our industry and we have over $3 billion in income gross a year in the state. We are a naturally regenerating, biodegradable industry.”

And West Virginia’s 12 million acres of forests are among the most biologically diverse in the world.

Fernow Experimental Forest

To see how different species of trees regenerate and thrive, we visited the Fernow Experimental Forest in Tucker County, where, for nearly 70 years foresters have been studying how different management and cutting practices affect the regeneration and growth of trees – from seedlings to saplings to healthy, mature specimens.

“True seedlings are that first plant that forms from the seed – that can be a year old, they can be five years old,” said Melissa Thomas Van Gundy, a research forester with the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. “Foresters use the term “sapling” when a tree finally gets out of that little stage, reaches for some sunlight, gets up to be an inch in diameter – taller than five feet, and starting to look like a tree.

“Saplings people think are young, but because sugar maples have such a slow growth habit, they’re shade-tolerant, this could be an 80-year-old tree – just a couple inches wide. Its strategy to compete with other species is to hang out in the understory and grow at slow levels with little light until it gets its chance.”

Van Gundy says the sapling’s chance will come when the mature black cherry beside it – which doesn’t live as long and has a different strategy.

“It’s a shade-intolerant species – so when it was a seedling, it shot up for the light as fast as it could, trying to out-complete this sugar maple, and in the long run, they’re both going to win,” she said.

Economic Footprint

Our forests help clean the air and water, provide habitat for wildlife, a place to hunt, fish, hike, bike, camp, or just get-away into the woods and enjoy its beauty. Timber and forest products also have a huge economic footprint across West Virginia, according to Joe McNeel, Professor of Forestry and former head of the Division of Forestry and Natural Resources at West Virginia University.

“If you go into any county in West Virginia, there is a forest products company, or a wood yard, or somebody manufacturing something out of wood that they’re making their livelihood from,” he said. “And so, 55 counties, we’ve got companies all over the state in every one of those counties.”

“But Elkins and the surrounding counties are what I would say are the center of the hardwood industry in the state – both in terms of volume and in terms of quality,” said Mark Haddix, wood specialist for Farm Credit of the Virginias.

“Elkins is the headquarters of the Hardwood Alliance Zone – nine mountain counties that have more than 200 manufacturing, processing and wood-product-related operations.”

Members of the Hardwood Alliance Zone during a recent meeting.

Changing with the Times

At a recent Hardwood Alliance Zone meeting, Haddix pointed out how wood species go in and out of fashion – how oak, for example, wasn’t valued back in the 1950s and 60s.

“They would leave oaks in the woods – they had no value. Along came the 80s and we created value out of oak,” he said. “We sold homes because they had oak trim, oak cabinets. That trend ran until about 2004 or 2005. At that point in time, everyone was moving to the maples. And so at the end of the day, even with great forest management, it’s consumer preference.”

But wages in the timber industry – whether it’s logging or manufacturing – typically are not high, though thousands of families across the state who own woodlands supplement their income by selling timber from time to time – to send a child to college, or buy a new vehicle. And the timber business is notoriously cyclical, with dramatic peaks and troughs, like the housing crisis, that started in 2007 and 2008.

But, says, Joe McNeel, it’s still a fairly robust economic driver in the state.

“When things were tough, amazingly the forest products industry were able to find basically products that they could market to specific groups of people,” he said. “From 2007 – 2008 to right now we’ve seen a shift in what companies produce because of the markets they found during those tough times. They’re mostly industrial-type products: rail ties, wood mats, pallets, industrial bracing – material like that – have taken a larger portion of the manufacturing sector.”

Upswing

So what brought it back?

“We’ve had some improvement in housing, but not robust. It’s been a steady, small climb. That’s been good. It’s healthy, sustainable, that’s OK,” Mark Haddix said. “The biggest factor has been the worldwide desire for American hardwoods. They like our hardwoods. We have some economies worldwide who for the first time are gaining a middle class. They’re westernizing just like a lot of other countries have done in the past. They desire the same things that we have.”

Haddix went on to say that in the past, the U.S. exported lumber for production for a product that was re-imported for our markets.

“Now our customer base, our sawmills, are exporting lumber for domestic markets elsewhere — 2016 was a record export year for hardwood lumber across the nation,” he said.

More than $10 billion dollars worth. And West Virginia is aiming to grow its share of that market, and other jobs within the industry.

A timber stand at the Fernow Experimental Forest in Tucker County, W.Va.

More to Come

In coming segments of this series, we’ll be looking at the past, present and future of the industry – from forestry practices, to logging, to sawmills, to manufacturing facilities. But all through the ups and downs of the wood business, families tend to stay involved – generation after generation. For more than a hundred years – in Pocahontas and Randolph counties, Jim Wilson’s family has been in the lumber business.

“I’m the fifth generation and maybe with one connection I’m the seventh generation, and it’s a saying that if you want to make sure that the offspring continue in the lumber business, that you take some sawdust to the hospital and put it in their hair just after they’re born, and they never get out of the wood business,” he said. “So I suppose that happened to me.”

Jim has kept that tradition alive with his own son

“I definitely took some down and he’s joined, so he’s the sixth generation that we know for sure,” Wilson said.

This series is made possible with support from the Myles Family Foundation.